adultus (Lat. adultus, adult, grown-up): a) an adult specimen; b) the last developmental stage of organisms by transformation (metamorphosis)

allochthonous (nlat. from Gr. állos other, different + Gr. khthón earth): foreign, alien, immigrant, non-native, non-indigenous

Alpine (nlat. from Lat. alpis mountain): (a) mountainous; (b) living above the upper forest limit (above 2000 m)

ambrosia (Gr. a no- + brotos man, mortal; immortal; Gr. ambrosía from ambrósios or ambrotos immortal): “drink of the Olympian gods”, in Greek myth, a dish of the gods which confers immortality and eternal youth; ambrosia borers are species of the subfamily Scolytinae (and all species of the subfamily Platypodinae) whose larvae feed mainly on ectosymbiontic “ambrosia fungi” which the adult females “grow” in burrow systems in wood

antenna (Gr. antenna transverse bar on the mast): a) sensory structure in the form of growth on the head of some invertebrates; b) paired, mostly articulated and mostly movable limb with many sensory organs on the head of arthropods, ↔ feeler

area (Lat. area space, playground): the habitat of a particular species of living things or other biosystematic units, ↔ taxonomic units, ↔ taxa

arrhenotoky (arrhenotoky): unfertilised eggs produce males, fertilised eggs produce females. Occurs in “biparental” species

autochthonous (Gr. autos autos, own + Gr. khthón land): original inhabitant, native, indigenous, native-born, original

sapwood: outer wood, usually lighter in colour and made up of still functioning (conducting) cells, on the periphery of the trunk under the bark

biodiversity (from Gr. bíos life + Lat. diversus opposite, diverse, varied): the diversity of life in all its forms, levels and combinations, ↔ biological diversity

Coleoptera (Lat. coleoptera from Gr. koleón crust, armour + Gr. pteron wing): group of insects in which the forewings (elytra) usually cover a second pair of wings, beetles

heartwood: darker wood, usually built up from dead cells inside the trunk, duramen

decomposition (nlat. de(s)– from Lat., in compounds: opposition, decline + Lat. compositio composition): a) breaking down, disintegration; decomposition; b) the process of decomposition of organic remains by edaphic organisms in the soil of terrestrial and bottomland aquatic ecosystems

dendrobiont (from Gr. déndron tree + Gr. bión, bióntos living): an organism that lives on or in a tree

deuterotoky: production of both males and females from unfertilised eggs. Males are biologically and ecologically non-functional. Female diploidy occurs in the female offspring as a result of different cytogenetic mechanisms. It occurs in ‘monogamous’ species.

diversity (from Lat divêrza diversity): variety, multiplicity, heterogeneity

regenerative feeding: after depositing a certain number of eggs – pure generation – females of some insects interrupt oviposition and start feeding intensively; feeding allows the remaining eggs to mature and after supplementary feeding females resume oviposition and conceive a sister generation

maturation feeding: is feeding that is necessary for the sexual maturation of the specimen (e.g. in some insect species)

dorsal (nlat. dorsalis from Lat. dorsum back): in animals, of, toward, on, in or near the back

ecology (nlat. eco-, oeco- from Gr. oíkos home, dwelling, etc. + lógos word, speech, intellect, doctrine, science, etc.): is the branch of biology that studies the relationships between organisms, the relationships between organisms and the non-living environment, and explains how these relationships affect their distribution and abundance.

ectothermic animal (Gr. ektós outside, external + thérme heat, warmth): a type of animal whose body temperature equilibrates with ambient temperature (all invertebrates, fish, amphibians and reptiles), cold-blooded animal, ↔  poikilothermic animal

exuvium (Lat. exuvium empty sheath): the outer layer of the integument or part of the exoskeleton remaining after molting, e.g. the stratum corneum of reptilian skin or the cuticle of arthropods, ↔ molt

elytron (Grk. sing: elýtron, pl.: elýtra sheath, cover, etc.): a) scaly growth on the parapodia of polychaetes; b) stiffened forewing of some insects (e.g. beetles)

entomology (Gr. éntomos cut, incised; or Gr. éntomon insect + lógos word, speech, intellect, doctrine, science, etc.): insectology; the branch of zoology concerned with the study of insects, i.e., their structure, mode of life and reproduction, and their relation to animate and inanimate nature

facultative (adj.): optional (20th cent.)

fauna (Lat. Fauna, Roman goddess of fertility, goddess of forests, protector of living creatures): a) the animals of an area or period; b) a description or list of all the animal species in an area

fecundity (from Lat. fecunditas, fecunditatis from Lat. fecundare to fertilise): a) fertility, the ability of an organism to reproduce successfully; b) potential fertility, representing actual offspring under ideal environmental conditions

pheromone (Gr. pherein to carry + (hor)mon nlat. hormonum from Gr. hormôn – participle of hormân to drive, set in motion, stimulate, excite): a substance secreted in extremely small quantities by animals into the environment, thereby causing characteristic behavioural responses in individuals of the same species (e.g. social pheromone, sex pheromone, etc.)

fertility (nlat. fertilitas from Lat. fertilis fertilen): a) the ability of an organism to reproduce successfully; b) actual birth rate realised in the natural environment

phyllophagus (nlat. phyllo- from Gr. phýllon leaf): an animal that feeds on plant leaves

phytophagous (nlat. phyto- from Gr. phytón plant + from Gr. phageîn to eat, to devour): an animal that feeds on plants

phloem (nlat. phloeam tubes of plants from Gr. phloos bark ): the main tissue conducting dissolved, leaf-derived organic substances (carbohydrates, assimilates) of plants towards the site of consumption; built of elongated tubular cells (sieves) with vascular transverse walls and companion cells; may arise from procambium (primary phloem) or from cambium (secondary phloem)

phloemophagus (nlat. phloeam vascular tubes of plants from Gr. phlóos bark + from Gr. phageîn to eat, to swallow): animal that feeds on the bark of plants

host: an organism which is the parasite’s habitat and food source

gradation (Lat. gradatio from gradus grade): gradualness, gradation, calamity

habitat (from Lat. habitare to dwell): a specific place where an organism lives (e.g., tree trunk, cavity or stump, the interior of another organism, etc.), ↔ dwelling place

haploidy: is the property of cells and organisms whose genetic make-up consists of a single set of chromosomes (a single set of autosomes and a single sex chromosome)

haplodiploidy: unfertilised eggs develop into haploid males, fertilised eggs into diploid females

herbiphages: feed on roots, fresh or dry fleshy plant tissues, including stems of herbaceous plants, leaf stalks, cacti, grass leaves, mangrove viviparous shoots

herbivore (Lat. herba herb + Lat. vorare to eat): an animal that feeds on plant food

chitin (fr. chitine from gr. khitón chiton, dress, in the ancient Greeks a long, sleeveless, belted robe, armoured jacket, etc.): polysaccharide, polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, building block of the skeleton of some organisms

ibidem: right there

idem: the same

imago (Lat. imago image, representation): an adult, sexually mature specimen (adult specimen), an established term for insects

Invertebrata (nlat. from Lat. in- nickel prefix ne- + Lat. vertebrata vertebrata): invertebrates

heartwood: the inner layers of wood in a growing tree where the cells have died and reserve substances such as starch have been converted into heartwood; heartwood may be unstained (e.g. spruce, fir, etc.) or stained (e.g. black walnut, hollow, red pine, etc.)

juvenile (nlat. juvenilis from Lat. iuvenilis youthful): a) youthful; childish; b) physically and sexually immature

cambium (nlat. cambium change from Lat. cambire to change): a) dividing tissue in animals (blastema); b) dividing tissue in plants (meristem), i.e. cells

coleopterology (Lat. coleoptera from gr. koleón quiver, crust, armour + lógos word, speech, intellect, doctrine, science, etc.): the study of beetles

colline: hill-dwelling (1-600 m altitude)

apex (elytral apex): the slant at the end of an elytral rim, the left and right sides of the apex may be serrated (denticles), declivity – the downward-sloping posterior portion of the elytra: the back end of the beetle

xylem (from Gr. xýlon wood): a conducting and supporting tissue; it transports water taken up by the roots from the soil and the mineral substances dissolved in it upwards through the tracheae and tracheids

xylophagus (from Gr. xýlon wood + from Gr. phageîn to eat, to devour): an animal that feeds on wood

xylomycetophagus (from Gr. xýlon wood + from Gr. mýkes mushroom + from Gr. phageîn to eat, to devour): an animal that feeds on wood that has been overgrown by the hyphae of fungi

larva (Lat. larva cover, mask, etc.): juvenile, early developmental stage of many animals, not yet sexually mature but feeding independently, designated by order of appearance (1st, 2nd larva, etc.)

lateral (Lat. lateralis from latus, lateris lateral, side): a) of, relating to, or situated at or on the side

false stellate system: absence of egg niches, not real (“false”) stellate system, in which star arms are built from larval tunnels, which emerge from a circulate flat-shaped cavity (brooding chamber)

 molting: the periodic removal of the stratum corneum (in some reptiles) or the outer chitinous layer (in arthropods) which impede growth or regeneration

molt ↔ exuvium

larva ↔ grub

secondary phloem: the living part of the bark, divided into conducting and non-conducting (storage) phloem; extending from the cambium to the youngest (i.e. deepest) periderm or phelogen

lignicolous (Lat. lignum wood): living on wood

cortex bark: dead tissue outside the youngest phyllogene

L1 (egg larvae) ↔ first larval stage

meristem: a tissue made of cells that are permanently capable of mitotic division, allowing the plant to grow

mycangium: a special ectodermal recess on the cuticle of bark beetles (or elsewhere) that serve to carry fungal spores

mycophagous species: that feed on fungi (they do not “grow” them in their tunnels), mainly by feeding on the sorus of sac fungi in dry branches or bark

myelophagous species: develop in the hollow of young twigs and other thinner stems or in the petioles of fallen leaves

monogámia (from Gr. mónos, single + Gr. gámos marriage): a person who lives with one partner and usually takes care of the offspring together, s.s.

montane (Lat. mons, montis mountain): pertaining to, growing in, or inhabiting mountainous regions (900-1500 m)

Palaearctic (from Gr. palaiós old, ancient + arktikós northern): in relation to: Palaearctic species inhabiting the Palaearctic (Europe, North Africa, West Asia, Siberia, northern China and Japan)

poikilotherm (from Gr. poikílos various + thérme heat): “ambient warm” animal in which the body temperature adjusts to the ambient temperature, ↔ cold-blooded animal, ectothermic animal

chitinized forewings in beetles ↔ elytron

polygamy (Gr. poly- from polýs plural + Gr. gámos marriage): a) marriage of one person with several persons of the opposite sex; b) a person living with several partners

pronotum (Gr. pró anterior + nlat. notum from Gr. nôtos dorsum): plate-like dorsal shield in insects, ↔ neck shield, scutum

prothorax (Gr. pró anterior + nlat. thorax from Gr. thóraks thorax): the first, anterior segment of the body of an arthropod

pseudo-arrhenotoky: pseudoarrhenotoxicity or paternal genome elimination is a phenomenon in which males develop from fertilised eggs, but the paternal genome is heterochromatinised or lost in somatic cells and is not passed on to their offspring, → arrhenotoky

pupa (Lat. pupa doll, girl): a) penultimate developmental stage of insects with complete transformation, during which the larval organs are decomposed and the adult organs are formed, the insect is surrounded by a firm chitinous sheath, does not feed and is dormant; occurs in beetles, butterflies, flies, leatherwings

púpa líbera (Lat. pupa doll + Ital. from Lat. liber free, autonomous): beetle in which the limbs such as the wings, legs and tentacles (if developed) fit to the body but are free, occurring in most beetles and leatherwings

saproxylic (nlat. from Gr. saprós rotten + Gr. ksýlon wood): organism/species that is attached to dead or dying wood, dying or dead trees (standing or lying), wood fungi or the presence of other saproxylics at certain stages of its developmental cycle

sensu lato (Lat. sensus thought, meaning + latus broad): in the broad sense of the word, (abbr.: s.l.)

sénsu strícto (lat. sensus thought, meaning + lat. strictus from stringere to touch, to squeeze): in the strict sense of the word, taken literally, (abbr.: s.s.)

sclerite (Gr. skleros hard): a single hard part of the chitinoderm of an arthropod (calcified and/or heavily chitinized segment plate), the most important sclerites are tergite, sternite, pleurite

suture: a reserved term for the first ridge at the contact of the elytra. Other structures on the elytra are interstices / ridges

bark: non-technical term for all tissues outside the vascular cambium or xylem; in older trees it consists of dead (outer) bark and living (inner) bark

spermophage species: species that develop in seeds and fruits

steno- (nlat. steno- from Gr. stenós tight): in compounds: short, abbreviated

stenophage (nlat. steno- from Gr. stenós tight, + from Gr. phageîn to eat, to devour): a species that feeds only on a particular type of food

sternite (Gr. sternon breast): abdominal chitinized sclerite of a segment in some arthropods, ↔ abdominal plate

taxon (nlat. taxon from Eng. taxon from tax(onomy) + -on from Gr. táksis arrangement, arrangement): a named, defined group of organisms in a classification of living things; a biosystematic unit (category), e.g. species, genus, family, order, etc. ↔ taxonomic unit

tarsus (nlat. tars(o)- from Gr. tarsós tarzus, in compounds: tarsus): the terminal joint or joints of the leg of an arthropod

thermophilous (nlat. thermo- from Gr. thermós warm, Gr. thérme heat, heat + nlat. phil(o)- from Gr. phílos lover, philía love, phileín to love, + -(o-)): who loves heat, warmth-loving

type species: a species selected to be a characteristic representative of a genus or subgenus

trophic (fr. trophique from gr. trophé food, foodstuffs): referring to nutrition, food supply

univoltine species(nlat. from lat. unus, one, only one + ital. volta turn, path): a univoltine species that has one brood of offspring per year

ventral (nlat. ventralis from venter abdomen; ventral): in animals the lower part, which is on the ventral side

gouging: is the process of damaging the bark to the wood in the form of parallel grooves, spaced up to 3 cm apart, with a standardized device