01.02. Hylastes ater (Paykull, 1800)
Presence
Evropa: AU AZ BE BH BU BY CR CT CZ DE FI FR GB GE GR IT LA LT MC NL NR PL PT SK SL SP ST SV SZ UK YU
Azija: ES FE FUJ JA KZ SC TR WS »Mandžurija«
AUR NTR
Figure 6: Hylastes ater, dorsal, lateral (Photo: Maja Jurc)
Older catalogs and keys – citations of name
Fuchs 1905: Hylastes ater Payk.; Siegel 1866: Hylastes ater Payk.; Grüne 1979: H. ater (Paykull, 1800); Freude, Harde, Lohse 1981: H. ater Paykull; Lucht 1987: H. ater (Payk., 1800); Titovšek 1988: H. ater (Paykul); Pfeffer & Knížek 1993: H. ater (Paykull, 1800); Pfeffer 1995: H. ater (Paykull, 1800).
Figure 7: Hylastes ater, distribution map according to historical and recent data
Ecology and presence in Slovenia
The species is distributed throughout Europe, Asia, Australia and the Neotropics. Siegel (1866) states that the species “is not rare in Carniola, mostly it is found under pine and spruce bark”. More recent records in Gorenjska, Primorska and Slovene Istria are the result of trapping (Figure 7). Hosts include Pinus spp., less frequently Picea abies, P. obovata, Taxus baccata, Pseudotsuga menziesii. In Slovenia, the species has been found on P. nigra, P. sylvestris and P. abies. It develops 1-3 generations annually, swarming in April and May. A secondary species, it prefers roots, rootlets, fresh stumps and freshly felled trunks for breeding. The uniramous longitudinal tunnel system is located mainly in the bark and only gently penetrates the sapwood, the maternal gallery is 7-8 cm long. Adult length is 3.4-4.8 mm (Figure 6). The species is also primary, as imagoes bore into the cambium zone due to maturity feeding, which can cause drying of 25-35 year old pines. Damage to pine crops less than 10 years old and nursery stock is also common due to damage in the root-collar area. Aside from Hylobius abietis (Curculionidae), it is the most important pest species in young pines. Its natural enemies are the parasitoids Dinoticus eupterus Walk. and Rhopalicus tutela Walk. (Chalcidoidea).
Gallery
